Lathe



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May- 10 1927.

1E. s. BIRD Err AL Luna Filed nec. 2. 1924 5 ,Sheets-She'et. 1V

May l0 1927. 1,628,598

. s. BIRD E1' A L mma Filed Dec'. '2. 1924 5 sheets-sheet 2 vwevntow MQW May l0, 1927. Y

E. s. BIRD ET AL ALATIIE Filed Dec. 2. 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 mmv IA ina-22...:

inw/nieu,

Patented Maiy ll0, 1927.

UNITED STATES N 1,628,598 PATENT OFFICE.'

EDWARD sTocx'roN BIRD AND FRANCIS D. cocmnmzu,I or cINeINNATI, omo, As-

sIeNons To THE Lonen e smPLEY naci-HNE Toor. COMPANY, oFcINcINNATr,

OHIO, A CORPORATION OIF OHIO.

LATHE.

Application filed December 2, 192.4. Serial No. `753,514.`

This invention relates generally to feed gearing but is, however, particularly adapted for lathes of atype wherein-the various pitches for thread cutting are obtained through selective engagement of the different gears of a cone, these gears being ordinarily driven from the spindle and being suitably transmittably connected with the lead screw and feed rod. Although the invention as herein shown is applied to this particular design of lathe, the principles canl be applied as well to other analogous mechanisms.

The object of the invention is to provide means, in a machine of the above mentioned character wherein the cone gears, on an intermediate shaft are made to act as driving members in one instance 'and as driven members in the other, this object being accomplished herein by providing two driven shaftseach transmittably connectable with the gears of the cone, the axes of these shafts being equidistant from the axis of v y t of a headstoek and feed gearingfparts being the driving shaft, so that a single change gear only is used for alternately and selectively transmitting either of the dr1ven shafts, the driving shaft being' thus transmittably connected with the other shafts.

The driving shaft may either be the lathe spindle or a shaft in transmission connection with said spindle, through the ordinary translating change gears used for converting U. S. standard into `metric leads, or vice versa. i

Another object o f the invention is to provide means for selectively imparting varlavble rates of speed to lead screwvand feed rod, either to onepor both asV desired, this object being accomplished through the y driven shafts above mentioned, each of which has a single ,Gear thereon transmitv tingly connectedwitli gears vcarried by the lead sfrew .and feed rod, whereby either of the driven shafts are adapted to drive either i ifiA or both lead screw and feed rod.`

Another object of the invention is to provide mechanism associated with the headst-ock gearing l.whereby the lead screw and Lfeed rod may be operated simultaneously or f1" separately and whereby the lead screw'may be operated for cutting threads conformably to U. S. standard or metric standards,\the

construction being applicable; to "-.lathes\ lequipped for cutting wherebya plurality of driven shafts, which are adapted to be alternately and selectively driven from the gears of a cone, are also Vadapted to be transmittably connected with either or both lead screwand lfeed rod associated therewith, ywhereby lead screw and feed rod may be simultaneously driven, or either separately driven and whereby either of thedriven'shafts is adapted to drive either or both lead screw and feed rod.

Figure l is 'a side elevation of a portion broken away to show portions of the interior mechanism.

Figure 2 is a vertical section substantially on line 2 2 of Figure l. y

Figure 3 is a vertical section approximately on line 3-3 of Figure 2:

Figure 4 is a plan view of the reversing plate. i

AFigure 5 is a side elevation of the structure of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is an end elevation showing thev arrangement of the lead screw and feed rod operating shafts. A

Figure 7 is a fragmentary vertical section approximately von line 7-7 of Figure l,

illustrating the tumbler construction.

Figure 8 is a plan View of the tumbler. Figure 9 is a diagrammatic.longitudinal sectional view illustrating the relations ofy the cone gear shaft to lead screw and feed rod operating shafts associat herewith.

The ,following described chanism is adapted to be driven from the headstock of a lathe, only that portion of the headstock mechanism, spindle, and shafts for driving the lead screw and fed rod being herein` shown. l

`The spindle, represented at '1, is suitably journaled in the headstock'frame and has loo fixed at its outer end a gear 2. The gear 2 is in mesh With an intermediate gear 3 carried by a suitable bracket bolted to the headstock frame. Adjacent the gear 3 is a reversing plate 4 suitably pivoted on a bushing carried by the gear box frame and said plate has thereon two pinions 5, 6, either of which may be made to mesh with the intermediate gear 3. The gears 5 and 6 are in constant mesh with each other and gear 5 in mesh Witha gear 8 keyed to a shaft 9 which is stepped in bushings carried in the feed box casing. One bushing is projected beyond the frame at each side to form bearings for plate.; 4'aud 12. By this construction power may be transmitted through gear 3 to either gears 5 and G and thence to shaft 9. The shaft 9 has keyed at its outer end a change gear 10 which represents one of a series of translating gears, means being v provided for locking the gears in position on the end of. the shaft. Pivoted about the bushing 11 surrounding the shaft 9 is a plate or quadrant 12, swingable about the bushing and suitably non-translatably held thereon. This plate is provided with a slot 13 'radially related to the axis of the shaft 9 and also has a second'arcuate slot 14 concentric with the same axis. The radial slot 13 has attached slidably thereon a bushing carrying a stub shaft, upon which shaft is rotatably mounted a translating change gear 15. The bush- -ing is adjustable in the slot and may therefore be moved. therein to accommodate for varying sizes of translating gears, which gears after attachment are caused to constantly mesh with the gear 10 or equivalent Gear. iilamping bolt engaged with the gear box casing, by which means the quadrant may be adj usted and set at any desired position, this adjustment being for the purpose'of accommodating for different size change gears, as for translating from U. S. to metric. As shown in Figure 2, the quadrant is set to mesh the translating gear 15 with a translating change gear 16v attached to the outer end of a shaft 17, having keyed thereon a pinion 18 slidable upon the shaft and having an extension to which is fastened a gear 19, the gear and pinion being slidable as a unit upon the shaft 17. Gears 10, 15 and 16 are change gears and additional change gears of proper pitch are provided by which translation from- U. S. to, metric threads may be had. i

Mounted Within the gear box casing is a shifter rod or shaft 20 having a suitable manipulating knob 21 at its outer end and having a fork engaging ya circumferential groove 22 formed upon asleeve extension of the gear 19. As shown in Figure 3 the gear 19 is in mesh with the gear 24 formed on a sleeve 25f keyed toa short shaft 26 rotatable in the gear box frame. At the op- Traversing .the arcuate slot 14 is aV posite end of this sleeve is formed a gear 23. The outer end of the shaft 26 has formed thereon a pinion 27 in mesh under certain conditions, with a gear 28 keyed at the outer end of a relatively long shaft 29, suitably held in the gear box in parallel relation to all shafts herebefore mentioned (see Figure 9). Keyed to this shaft is a sleeve 30 having thereon a pinion 31, and

this sleeve and pinion are slidable as a unit on shaft 29. Upon the sleeve 30 is mounted a bushing 32 upon which in turn is rotatably mounted a lever or tumbler member 33. This member has rotatably mounted thereon, upon a suitable cross shaft, an intermediate gear 34 in constant mesh with the pinion 31. A shaft is rotatably held as shown in the gear casing adjacent the shaft 29 and upon this shaft are keyed a series of gears` respectively D, E, F, Gr, H, J', K, L, M, N, forming a cone. The tumbler or lever 33 is provided with a suitable hand operated locking pin engageable with any one of a series of openings in the casing, the number of openings corresponding to the number of gears in the cone. The lever or tumbler may be moved to engage or disengage its inter mediate gear 34 With any one of the gears of the cone and may be properly locked through engagement of the locking pin in a corresponding opening of the frame. Thus motion may be imparted to the shaft 35 at speeds proportionate to the pitch diameter of the gears. The gear 34 is shown in 'mesh with the gear D and this gear is constantly meshed with the gear 3G, freely rotatable upon a bushing carried by a shaft 37, the axes of shafts 29, 37, being equidisl tant from the axis of the shaft 2G.

The outer end of the shaft 37 is adapted for the reception otI the change geur 28, which under certain conditions is removed from the shaft 29 and placed on the shaft 37. It will thus be seen that either shaft 29 or 37 lcan be driven from pinion 27, rorrespondingly and alternately causing the cone gears to act as driven or driving mem bers. The gear 36 is provided with a sleeve extension having clutch teeth 38 thereon. Keyed to and slidable upon the shaft 37 is a sleeve 39 having a gear 40 formed thereon and adapted to be moved into mesh with either of gears J, H. This sleeve is provided With clutch teeth 41, 42, respectively opposingly related to the clutch teeth 38 of the sleeve gear 3G, and to'teeth 43 of a sleeve gear 44 freely rotatable upon the shaft 37 and constantly meshed with gear N. The gear 4() is meshed as shown in Figure 9 with gear J, and is adapted to be meshed also with gear H, when the member 39 is moved to the left to clutch engagement with the teeth 38. When moved to the extreme right the gear 40 is disengaged from the gear J, gear 44 is coupled for rotation with the itl tall

illll llu 1,ees,5ea

shaft 37, and the shaft 35 is in transmission connection with shaft 37 through gears N and `44. The clutch 39 is centrally grooved and has engaged within the groove a shoe pivotally supported at the outer end of a lever,v the opposite end of which lever is ,connected to a vertical shaft 45 (see Figure 7). This shaft is held in a suitable bearing bushing of the front casing and has keyed at its upper end a lever having a plunger handleprovided with a pin engageable with openiligs A, B, C, formed in'the box or casing,the said openings corres extreme and -central positions o the member 39. .When the members 39 are in position'shown in Figure 9, shaft 37 receives its motion through gear 40, driving gear J, and revolves at the same speed as shaft 35. By sliding the clutch 41 to the left into engagement with the'clutch 38, gear 3G is clutched to shaft 37 and the shaft then receives motion through D at half the speed of the shaft 35. n When the clutch 42 is'thrownfrom itsv position in Figure 9 to the extreme righty to engage the clutch of the gear 44 the shaft 37` will travel twice the speed of the 'shaft 35, the power being transmitted through gears 44 and N and to shaft 37. The clutch 39 therefore serves as a speed change device.

`0n a projected counterturned inner end of the shaft 37 is keyed a pinion 46, and mounted for independent rotgation in the frame coaxially with the shaft 37 is a short v shaft 47, the outer end of which is coupled with a lead screw 48. This shaft 47 may,

however, be continuous with thelead screw,

that is, an extension of the same.

Theadjacent ends of vhafts 37, 47, are

slightl spaced apart and keyed to the inner end o the shaft 47' is a sleeve 49, having gears 50, 51, formed thereon at' opposite ends, and therefore spaced apart. The sleeve is keyed toene end of the shaft 47 and is freelyrotatable upon a `bushing held onthe counterturned extremity of the shaft 37, the sleeve thusbridging the shafts. The gears 46, 50, are adjacently disposed so that either or both may be engaged by an intermediate gear 53 slidably ke `ed to a feed rod operating shaftr 52, rotatab y stepped in the casing ad'acent the shaft 47. --This gear may also lngaged with, gear 51 and is further adapted to lie betweengears 50, 51,

iii

I block, the said block being slidably keyed' vto a stub shaft 54 also mounted in the casing, -parallel with theshaft 52. The block Vis disengaged from both.

The gear 53 is engaged by a groove in a recessed and engaged -within the recess is a pin carriedat the outer end of the lever 55 keyed to a;lfshaft 56-which extends outwardly throughl the front-side of the box, and

' has an operating lever keyed thereto which rides over an arguateA ro'ection at the front side of the box; in w 1c are openings rending to' spectively P, Q,R, S, engageable Aby a locklng pin carried in the handle of the lever.

The shaft, 52 is adapted to be connected and disconnected to and from the feed rod 57 (see Figure 9) a clutch 58 being provided for this purpose. ably keyed u on a counterturned end of the feed rod an has teeth thereon engageablc with corresponding teeth formed upon a terminal flange of the shaft 52. The shaft 52 may, however, be a continuation of the feed rod, 4andmeans for coupling and uncoupling'V either dispensed with or located at some other point.

-Upon the shaft 29 is keyed a pinion 60 ada ted for engagement by the gear 53 as ksai gear is moved either to the right'to neutral position between the gears 50, 51, or into engagement with the gear 51. The above described mechanism including shafts I37, 29, lead screw and feed rod shafts 47, 52,

sliding gear `53,provides means whereby either shafts 37 or 29 are ada ted to drive either or both lead screw and eed rod.

Inl the mechanism heredeseribed, the vagear 2,-gears 3, 5 or 6, 8, 10, 15, 16, 19,24,

or 18, 23, 27, and thence through gear 28 to the front of the box, wherein distribution is made to the lead screw and feed rod through the cone gearing.' The gear 27 is connected with the shafts 29, 37, alter-l nately and selectively by the transferring gear 28 from one of said shafts to the 'other and in both positions the gear 28 meshes with gear 27. lnasmuch as the` axes of the shafts 29 and 37 are equidistant. from the axisof the shaft26 it is obvious that 'either of the shafts 29, 37, may bedriren from the` gear 27by means of change gear 28. lVith4 the"`gc`ar 28 on the shaft 29 the drive is through gears 31,34 of the tumbler to any The clutch is slid-` lll@ lOS

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one of the cone gears selected,`thus causinvr the cone gears to act as driven members.

Wien the gear 28 is transposed to shaft 37 theyfcone gears are converted into driving members, anyone of which may be caused to drive the tumbler gears 34, 31, shaft 29 and gear 60. As shown in Figure 9 with the gear 28 on the shaft A29, gear40 is. in meshV with the `driven cone gear J the shaft 37 receives motion) from the shaft and these two shafts have the same speed of rotation.

In cutting U. S. standard threads the gear 28 is disposed as shown in Figure 9, on shaft 29, the gear 53 would be engaged with gears 46,y 50v on shaft 37 and lead screw shaft 48 respectively, and clutch 58 on metric threads the change gears 10,15, 16 are replaced by suitable gears to give the translation from U. S. to metric system, and the gear 28 is transferred to shaft 37,

as shown in dot-and-dashlines in Figure 9.

The drive is communicated through either of gears 36, 40 or 44 on shaft 37, to the gears of the cone and tumbler gear to the shaft 29, and from gear 60 and shaft 29 through slide gear 53,-as an intermediate which in this instance is .thrown to the extreme right and engaged with gear 51 and lead screw 48, the clutch 58 also being withdrawn as shown. The feed rod may be operated independently of the lead screw from shaft 37 by shifting gear 53 to the extreme left at which time it will be engaged with gear 46, or it may be operated from shaft 29, by shifting gear to a position intermediate gears 50, 51. The gears of-the cones thus serve for obtaining the necessary speed range for transmitting the lead screw at an appropriate rate for cutting threads upon either the U. S. standard inch or metric pitch systems. In the one instance the cone of gears are the driving members and for the second the driven, and the gear arrangement shown offers a full number of changes required for both systems. Underthe arl rangement and number of gears employed sixty changes of speeds are obtainable, equally effective for driving either the lead screw or feed rod, one range of thirty dif-` ferent speeds when the shaft 29 is the driven, in which the cone of gears are regarded as driven members and a range of an additional thirty different speeds when the transmission source is through shaft 37 or the cone of gears. as driving members. This materially increases the utility of the tool without added expenseI and makes the tool equally adaptable for domestic or foreign purposes. The only substitution is in the change gears 10, l5, and 16, for converting the gearing for one measuring system to a second.

The slide gear 53 when engaged with gears 46 and 50 serves as a clutch for connecting shaft 37 and lead screw 48 and in such position acts as a transmitter for the feed rod 57. When the gear 53 is positioned to only mesh with gear 46 ,it serves as a transmitting element only for the feed rod 57 and when in mesh with gear 5l as a trans- A mitter for both lead screw 41 and feed rod 57 and also permits connecting the feed rod and lead screw-with shaft 37 when shaft 29 is a drivenmember to avoid injur to the' Havingl described the invention, we claim:

1. In ajde'vice-of the class described,a driving shaft, driven shafts equally spaced therefrom, adapting the same to be driven from said driving shaft by a single gear transposable fromone shaft to the other, an intermediate shaft having a series of stepped gears thereon, and selective transmission connection between respective driven shafts and individual gears of the series, whereby said driven shafts can be alternately transmittingly connected with said driving shaft, and said gears of said intermediate shaft caused to act alternately as a driving or driven member for the other driven shaft.

.2. In a device of the class described, a spindle, a driving shaft, transmission eonneetion between said spindle and shaft, driven shafts equally spaced from said driving shaft toladapt the same to be driven therefrom by a single gear transposable from one driven shaft to the other, an intermediate shaft having a series ot' stepped gears thereon, selective transmission connection between respective driven shafts and each gear, whereby said driven shafts can be alternately transmittingly connected with said drivingI shaft, and said intermediate shaft caused to act alternately las a driving and driven member for the other driven shaft.

3. In a device of the class described, a spindle, a driving shaft, transmission connection between said spindle and shaft,s

driven shafts equally spaced from said driving shaft to adapt the same to be driven therefrom by a single gear transposable from one driven shaft to the other, an intermediate shaft having a series of stepped gears thereon, selective transmission connection between respective driven shafts and said intermediate shaft, a lead shaft coaxial with said first shaft, a rotatable feed rod parallel with said lead shaft and transmission means carried by said feed rod adapted for selectively connecting said coaxial driven and lead shafts,

ksaid driven shaft and feed rod, and the second of said driven shafts and lead shafts and feed rod.

.4. In a device of the class described, a spindle, a driving shaft, transmission eonnection between said spindle and shaft, driven shafts equally spaced from said drivingshaft, an intermediate shaft having a series of stepped gears thereon, transmission connection between respective driven shafts and gears, and a single gear attachable to either'of said driven shafts for transmittingly connecting said shafts with said driving shaft, whereby said intermediate shaft and stepped gears can be caused to alternatel act as a. driving and driven member.

5. n a device of the class described, a driving shaft, driven shafts equally spaced from said driving shaft, an intermediate shaft having a series of stepped gears thereon, selective transmission connection between respective driven shafts andthe gears, and a single gear attachable to either of said lla i nately adapted as a driving and driven meml lon said first shaft, a gear upon said secondber for selectively transmitting varying rotating speeds to either of said driven shafts.

6. In a device of the classdescribed, first and second shafts, an intermediate shaft transmittingly connected therewith, a third shaft coaxial with said first shaft, a gear upon said first shaft, spaced gears upon said third-shaft, one thereofadjacent the gear shaft, a fourth shaft, a gear slidably keyed thereon, and adapted to mesh with each gear `of said coaxial shafts, simultaneously with said adj acently disposed gears of said coaxial shafts, and simultaneously with the other spaced gear ofsaid third shaft, and the gear of said second shaft, whereby either the first or second shaft is adapted to drive either or both third and fourth shafts.

7. In a device of'A the `,class described, first and second shafts each havingv a terminal gear thereon, an intermediate shaft transmittingly connected with said first and second shafts, a third Yshaft coaxial with said first shaft, spaced gears upon said third shaft, one adjacent the terminal gear of said first shaft, a rotatableV fourth shaft, agear slidably keyed thereon, and adaptedto mesh respectively with each of the gears of said coaxial shafts, simultaneously with adjacently disposed gears of said coaxialshafts, and

.' simultaneously with the terminal v.gear of said second shaft and the other spaced gear of said third shaft, whereby either ,the first or second shaft is adapted to drive-either `or both third and fourth shafts.

8. In a device of the class described, a

ylead screw shaft, a first driving shaft coaxial therewith, a rotatable feed rod actuating shaft, a second driving shaft havinga v terminal gear thereon, spaced-gears keyed adjacent' -to saidl terminal to said lead screw, one of said gears disposed driving shaft, a geari'ke'ye to afnd slidable on said feed rod adapted to be meshed with individual gears of said coaxial shafts,

simultaneously withV adjacent gears fof Asaid coaxial shafts, and simultaneously wfth'one of the gears of said feed shaft and the terminal gear of thesecond driving shaft, and power means for alternately rotating said spindle, a driving shaft, driven shafts equally spaced from said drivingshaft, an

- intermedlate shaft having a series of stepped eoy gears thereon, selective transmission connec.

. tion between respective driven shafts'and a single gear attaehable to eithery o f- 'said driven` shafts for transmttingly v vconnecting said shafts with said driving ear of said first sh/aft, 'a lead screw coaxial with one of said v.driven shafts and having spaced gears thereon, a terminal gear on said first mentioned driven shaft, a terminal gear on said second driven shaft, a rotatable feed rod parallel with said lead screw, having a gear slidably keyed thereon and adapted to be meshed with individual gears of said coaxial shafts, simultaneously with adjacent gears of said coaxial'shafts, and simultaneously with one of the gears of saidffeed shaft and the terminal gearf said second shaft, whereby said first and second shafts may be caused to alternately act 4as driving and driven members, and whereby either the first or second shaft is adaptedto drive either or both said lead screw and feed rod. 10. In a device of the class described, a spindle, 4a driving shaft, translatingfchange gears connecting said spindle and shaft, driven shafts e ually spaced fromsaid driving shaft- -to a apt the same to be driven therefrom by a single gear transposable from one driven shaft to the other, anintermediv caused to act alternately as a driving and driven member for the other driven shaft. l

11'. In a device of thel class described, a driving shaft, driven-shafts equally spaced therefrom, adapting the same to be driven from said driving shaft by a single gear transposable' from one vshaft to the other, and an intermediate shaft transmittably connected with Vsaid driven shafts, whereby said .drivenishafts cambe alternately trans- -mttingl and saiv .connected with said driving shaft, j intermediate shaft caused to act falternatel as a driving or-driven member l.

for the ot erv driven shaft.

12. A lathe gearing, a palr 'of parallel shafts, a plurality of gears of different di ameter as a unit journaled intermediate of sald shafts, a gear for connecting one of said shafts with said plurality of gears, shifting gearing connecting with the second of said shafts and selectively connecting with a ref s ective gear of said plurality of gears, a

riven shaft, and .transmission means for- 'connecting said driven shaft selectively topair of shafts, adapting either -either of said i of; said pair o parallel shafts to be'- utilized asla driver for transmitting .the power 'from one through the plurality' of gears to said driven shaft. Y

In witness whereof, we hereuntosub'scribe our names. A-

EDWARD s'rooKToN BIRD.' A VFnalrols n. COCKBURN. 

